HIV: Practical info on testing, treatment, prevention, and getting meds

About 38 million people live with HIV worldwide, but treatment today turns a diagnosis into a manageable condition. If you’re worried about exposure, starting care, or just want to know how to get meds affordably, this page gives clear, useful steps you can act on now.

Testing and early diagnosis

There are three common tests: rapid antibody tests, antigen/antibody combo tests, and RNA (viral load) tests. Antigen/antibody tests usually pick up infection by 4–6 weeks after exposure; many clinics recommend testing at 4 weeks and again at 3 months to be sure. If you need an immediate answer after a high-risk exposure, an RNA test can detect virus earlier, but it’s pricier.

Where to get tested: community clinics, sexual health centers, some pharmacies, and many primary care offices. Home test kits (FDA-approved) are available too—use them as a first step, then confirm positives with a lab test. If a test is positive, try to see a clinician within days so treatment can start quickly.

Treatment, PrEP, and paying for meds

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment. The goal is to get your viral load to undetectable—when it’s undetectable, the virus can’t be sexually transmitted (U=U). Modern regimens usually combine two or three drugs and often have mild side effects compared with older meds. Common building blocks include tenofovir and emtricitabine plus an integrase inhibitor like dolutegravir or bictegravir—your clinic will pick the best combo for you.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV when taken before exposure. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can prevent infection if started within 72 hours after a high-risk event. Both require a prescription and short follow-up testing.

Affording meds: compare prices and discounts. Use tools like GoodRx, InsideRx, or pharmacy savings programs to lower out-of-pocket costs. Telehealth services and some online pharmacies can simplify refills—look for reviews, proper pharmacy licensing, and require a prescription. If cost is a real barrier, ask your clinic about patient assistance programs from drug manufacturers or local health department support.

Practical tips: keep an up-to-date list of your meds and allergies, set alarms for daily doses, and talk to your provider about side effects early rather than stopping treatment. Always check drug interactions with other prescriptions or supplements.

Follow-up matters: after starting ART, expect viral load checks at 1 month, 3 months, then every 3–6 months once stable. Routine care also includes kidney and liver labs and STD screenings.

If you want help finding local clinics, telehealth options, or comparing drug prices, our site covers reviews and comparison guides. Getting tested and starting care fast gives you the best health outcomes—don’t wait to act if you think you’ve been exposed.